Introduction to computer
Que.1 What is a Computer? Why it is also known as a data
processor?
Ans. A Computer is a fast calculating device. It is also
known as a data processor. Because it can store, process, and retrieve data
whenever required.
Que. 2 What is data processing? Differentiate between data
and information. Which is more useful to people and why?
Ans. The processing of data using the computer is known as data
processing. Information is processed organized data presented in a given
reference and it is useful to humans. It is measured in useful units like time,
quantity. Data is is an individual unit that contains raw material which
doesn’t carry any specific meaning.
Que.3 List and explain
some important characteristics of a computer.
Ans. 1. Automatic. 2.Speed. 3.
Accuracy. 4. Diligence (It is free
from monotony, tiredness, and lack of concentration.) 5. Versatility (Perform a wide
variety of tasks.) 6.
Memory. 7. No I.Q. 8. No
feelings.
Que. 4 What is garbage-in-garbage out?
Ans. GIGO is the
concept that nonsense input data produces nonsense output.
Que. 5 Who is known as the father of modern digital computers and
why?
Ans. Charles Babbage invented the machine called the analytical
engine, which is a model of today’s computers. Since he was the first person
who gave a basic idea of Computer. That’s why he is known as the father of computers.
Que. 6 Who invented the concept of the stored-program? Why is this
concept so important?
Ans. IN the late the 1940s, John Von Neumann suggested that the program be electronically stored in a binary-number format in the memory device so
instructions could be modified by computer.
Que. 7 Why modern digital computers often referred as stored
program digital computers?
Ans. Because they store the programs & they are running
in the same memory in which they stored.
Que. 8 Which was the first commercially produced computer?
When and where was this first installed?
Ans. UNIVAC I Computer was firstly used in the calculation for
Los Alamos laboratories in December 1945, and in February 1946 it was formally
dedicated.
Que. 9 Write the full forms of the following abbreviations used
in computer technology: IBM, ENIAC,
EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC, etc.
Ans. IBM: International Business Machine.
EDVAC: Acronym for
Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer.
ENIAC: Electronic Numerical Integrator and computer.
EDSAC: Electronic Delay Storage Automatic Calculator.
UNIVAC: Universal Automatic Computer.
Que. 10 What is ‘generation’ in computer terminology? List
various computer generations along with key characteristics of computer
generations along with key characteristics of the computer of each generation.
Ans. Generation in computer terminology is a change in
technology a computer is used. Initially, the generation term was used to
distinguish between varying hardware. But nowadays, generation includes both
hardware and software, which together make up an entire computer system. There
are five generations known to date:
·
First
generation: 1946-1955, Vacum tube-based, Very heavy and large, not easy to
use, production was difficult and
costly, limited commercial use.
·
Second
generation (2G): 1955-1965, Transistor
based. Faster, Smaller, more reliable, and easier to program than previous
generation systems, commercial production was still difficult and costly.
·
Third
generation (3G): 1964-1975, Integrated Circuit (IC) with SSI and MSI based. Faster, Smaller, More reliable, easier
and cheaper to produce commercially, easier to use, and easy to upgrade than
previous generation systems; scientific,
commercial and interactive on-line application.
·
Fourth
generation (4G): 1975-1989, ICs with VLSI
based. Small, Affordable, reliable, and easy to use PCs, more powerful
and reliable mainframe systems; easier to produce commercially.
·
Fifth
generation (5G): ICs with ULSI
technology-based. Portable, more
powerful, cheaper, reliable, and easier to use desktop machines; Very powerful
mainframes, very high uptime due to hot-pluggable components; general purpose
machines and easier to produce commercially.
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